何妨吟嘯且徐行 Dedicate to life

一天之计在于晨，分享一点知识。然后就要让几天前的无心向学终止，开始冲、冲、冲……当然，吃了早餐再说。

沸石最早发现于1756年。瑞典的矿物学家克朗斯提（Cronstedt）发现有一类天然硅铝酸盐矿石在灼烧时会产生沸腾现象，因此命名为“沸石”（瑞典文zeolit）。在希腊文中意为“沸腾”（zeo）的“石头”（lithos）。此后，人们对沸石的研究不断深入。

1932年，McBain提出了“分子筛”的概念。表示可以在分子水平上筛分物质的多孔材料。虽然沸石只是分子筛的一种，但是沸石在其中最具代表性，因此“沸石”和“分子筛”这两个词经常被混用。（Source)

Zeolites (Greek, zein,”to boil”;lithos,”a stone”) are minerals that have a porous structure. The term was originally coined in the 18th century by a Swedish mineralogist named Axel Fredrik Cronstedt who observed, upon rapidly heating a natural mineral, that the stones began to dance about as the water evaporated. Using the Greek words which mean “stone that boils,” he called this material zeolite.

More than 150 zeolite types have been synthesized and 48 naturally occurring zeolites are known. They are basically hydrated alumino-silicate minerals with an “open” structure that can accommodate a wide variety of positive ions, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and others. These positive ions are rather loosely held and can readily be exchanged for others in a contact solution. Some of the more common mineral zeolites are: analcime, chabazite, heulandite, natrolite, phillipsite, and stilbite. An example mineral formula is: Na2Al2Si3O10-2H2O, the formula for natrolite.

Natural zeolites form where volcanic rocks and ash layers react with alkaline groundwater. Zeolites also crystallized in post-depositional environments over periods ranging from thousands to millions of years in shallow marine basins. Naturally occurring zeolites are rarely pure and are contaminated to varying degrees by other minerals, metals, quartz or other zeolites. For this reason, naturally occurring zeolites are excluded from many important commercial applications where uniformity and purity are essential.

Zeolites are the aluminosilicate members of the family of microporous solids known as “molecular sieves”. The term molecular sieve refers to a particular property of these materials, i.e. the ability to selectively sort molecules based primarily on a size exclusion process. This is due to a very regular pore structure of molecular dimensions. The maximum size of the molecular or ionic species that can enter the pores of a zeolite is controlled by the diameters of the tunnels. These are conventionally defined by the ring size of the aperture, where, for example, the term “8ring” refers to a closed loop that is built from 8 tetrahedrally coordinated silicon (or aluminium) atoms and 8 oxygen atoms. These rings are not always perfectly flat and symmetrical due to a variety of effects, including strain induced by the bonding between units that are needed to produce the overall structure, or coordination of some of the oxygen atoms of the rings to cations within the structure. Therefore, the pore openings for all rings of one size are not identical. (Source)